Untapping Industrial Flexibility via Waste Heat-Driven Pumped …
Pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) is a promising long-duration energy storage technology. Nevertheless, PTES shows intermediate round-trip efficiency (RTE—0.5 ÷ 0.7) and significant CAPEX. sCO2 heat pumps and power cycles could reduce PTES CAPEX, particularly via reversible and flexible machines. Furthermore, the …